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Tropical Pesticides Research Institute  (TPRI)

The United Republic of Tanzania

Tropical Pesticides Research Institute (TPRI)

Tropical Pesticides Research Institute  (TPRI)
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Toxicology


Tokisolojia ni elimu ya sayansi ya sumu. Sumu ni chochote kile kiwezacho kuleta madhara ya kiafya kinapoliwa kupitia mdomoni, kinapoingia kupitia ngozi ya mwili na kinapovutwa kwa njia ya hewa na mara nyingine kwa kupitia mfuko wa mimba (transfer across placenta)

90% ya sumu zote huingia mwilini kwa njia ya ngozi, na hii ndiyo njia ya hatari zaidi kuliko zote. Sumu ikiisha kuingia mwilini husambaa kupitia mfumo wa damu na kusababisha madhara katika maeneo maalum (target cells) hasa mishipa ya fahamu (Nerves) na kusababisha “Neurological disease” pale kimengenyo cha Kolinesterasi “Cholinesterase” kinapozuiliwa kufanya kazi na utendaji wake kupunguzwa “depression” hii husababisha dalili za sumu kuonekana mwilini mfano kichwa kuumwa, kutapika, kichefuchefu,misuli kugangamaa, tumbo kuumwa na pia kushindwa kupumua vizuri.

  • Madhara huweza kusababisha kifo au ulemavu wa muda mrefu mfano paralysis au cancer za mbeleni (miaka 10—20). Inapovutwa kwa njia ya hewa inaweza pia kusababisha michafuko kwenye mapafu “scars” na kusababisha michafuko kupumua kwa shida lakini pia huingia katika mfumo wa damu na kusambaa maeneo mengine. Inapoliwa kupitia mdomoni, ini la mwili hupata nafasi ya kutayarisha kimengenyo “Cytochrome enzyme system P450 monoxygenesis” hiki huvunja (degrading) pia hufanya isiwe sumu tena (detofication). Ingawa katika hatua hii, ini la mwili hupata vidonda mara nyingine na pia matokeo yake huwa ya aina mbili (1) Sumu endelevu “active metabolite” au sumu isiyo endelevu “Non-active metabolite”
  • Sumu ikiwa endelevu huvunjwa tena na kupunguzwa nguvu katika kiungo cha Figo na katika korodani za uume. Ikiwa si endelevu hubakia mwilini kama uchafu na hutolewa muda wake wa kuishi ukiisha (half-life) kwa njia ya haja ndogo, haja kubwa kutolewa jasho na pia kwa njia ya hewa kupumua au kujamba.
  • Sumu ikiwa bado endelevu baada ya hatua ya figo na korodani husababisha kifo kwani mwili hushindwa kuhimili (above threshold level).

Ni vigumu mno kukwepa sumu zisiingie mwilini mwetu, kwani kwa kufanya hivyo, tutalazimika tusivute hewa wala tusinywe maji na pia tusile chakula na kuvuta hewa. Hii ina maana kila mtu anaishi na sumu ndani ya mwili lakini viwango vyake havipaswi kuwa juu ya viwango salama (Threshold level) ili kuruhusu mwili kuhimili (NOEL). Katika kiwango hiki (Non-observable Effect level) hakuna dalili zozote za sumu zinazoonekana na sumu huliwa kama chakula mfano, Hifadhi ya vinywaji (Preservative) kemikali hutumika bila madhara kwa wanywji. Hii hutokana na jibu la NOEL kugawanywa kwa kiwango kilicho salama cha 100 au 1000 (safety factor of 100 or 1000) ili kupata ADI (Aceptable daily intake).

MADHARA: YAMEGAWANYIKA MAKUNDI MAWILI

  •  Madhara ya muda mfupi ya haraka yenye matokeo yanaonekana (Acute level) mfano kifo au Ulemavu wa haraka. Dalili ni ndani ya masaa 24.
  •  Madhara mengine ni ya muda mrefu (Chronic effect) haya hupelekea cancer za mwili miaka 10 - 20 baadae. Husababishwa na madhara yanayojirudia rudia bila mwathirika kujitambua. Sumu pia zina madhara yanayovuruga mfumo wa homoni “Endochline-disruption” na kusababisha wakina mama wasipate mimba na pia kupoteza mimba changa “miscarriage”. Pia mbegu za kiume kukatika mikia na kushindwa kufikia malengo yanayokusudiwa

MAJUKUMU YETU:

  •  Kufanya tafiti kupunguza athari za matumizi ya viuatilifu ili kulinda Afya, Mazingira na Usalama kazini.
  •  Kukusanya taarifa muhimu za ajali  za sumu sehemu za kazi.
  •  Kutoa mafunzo na ushauri kwa watumiaji, wauzaji nje.
  •  Kupima afya za wafanyakazi ili kujua viwango vya sumu ndani ya mwili kuboresha Afya zao.



Announcements

  • Provisional list of registered pesticides 2020 -June 15, 2020
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  • NOTICE TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC -March 15, 2020
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  • Pesticide Politics in Africa - An interdisciplinary international conference on the use, regulation and health effects of agrochemicals in sub-Saharan countries, the conference will be held from 28th to 31st May 2019 at TPRI Arusha, Tanzania. -May 10, 2019
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Latest News

  • Kikao cha Bodi ya Wakurugenzi TPRI..

    August 2nd, 2019
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  • Maadhimisho ya Maonesho ya Nanenane 2019 Kanda ya kaskazini..

    August 8th, 2019
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  • Washiriki wa Mafunzo ya Taaluma Maalumu ya Viuatilifu Mjini Mwanza wakiwa wanaji..

    June 19th, 2019
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  • Washiriki wa Mafunzo ya Taaluma Maalumu ya Viuatilifu Mjini Mwanza wakiwa wanaji..

    June 19th, 2019
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Contact Us

    Tropical Pesticides Research Institute (TPRI)

    P.O. Box 3024 , Arusha - Tanzania

    Nairobi Rd, Ngaramtoni Area

    Fax : +255 272970468

    Telephone : +255 272970467 / 64

    Email : dg@tpri.go.tz


Quick Links

  • Agricultural Trade Managment Information System (ATMIS)
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Related Links

  • Utumishi
  • Ministry of Agriculture
  • Sokoine University of Agriculture
  • Selian Agricultural Research Institute
  • Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH )
  • National Electoral Commision
  • Government Portal

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